As empresas petrol\u00edferas investiram 600 milh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares na busca de petr\u00f3leo na costa do Suriname. No in\u00edcio deste ano, eles finalmente conquistaram o ouro. “O Suriname nunca mais ser\u00e1 o mesmo”, exclamaram alegremente. Ser\u00e1 que o pa\u00eds conseguir\u00e1 gastar seus d\u00f3lares de petr\u00f3leo com sabedoria?<\/p> \n \n
Nos \u00faltimos cinco anos, o Suriname olhou com inveja para sua vizinha Guiana. As empresas petrol\u00edferas descobriram um campo de petr\u00f3leo lucrativo ap\u00f3s o outro durante a perfura\u00e7\u00e3o de teste. Na semana passada, aconteceu novamente: a ExxonMobil anunciou uma grande descoberta que eleva as reservas de petr\u00f3leo do pa\u00eds para cerca de oito bilh\u00f5es de barris. Per capita, isso \u00e9 mais do que o Kuwait.<\/p> \n \n
O Suriname ainda n\u00e3o est\u00e1 comemorando, mas as empresas petrol\u00edferas Apache e Total relataram a primeira grande descoberta de petr\u00f3leo em \u00e1guas do Suriname em 7 de janeiro. A consultoria brit\u00e2nica de energia Wood Mackenzie estimou a descoberta em 300 milh\u00f5es de barris de petr\u00f3leo e 1,4 bilh\u00e3o de metros c\u00fabicos de g\u00e1s natural.<\/p> \n \n
O fundo do mar do Suriname se assemelha geologicamente ao da Guiana, onde 16 campos de petr\u00f3leo j\u00e1 foram encontrados.<\/p> \n \n
No entanto, pelo menos mais tr\u00eas perfura\u00e7\u00f5es de teste s\u00e3o necess\u00e1rias para determinar a quantidade exata de petr\u00f3leo no solo e se \u00e9 comercialmente vi\u00e1vel, de acordo com Lucia van Geuns, especialista em energia do Centro de Estudos Estrat\u00e9gicos de Haia (HCSS). “S\u00f3 assim os c\u00e1lculos podem ser feitos.”<\/p> \n \n
As perspectivas s\u00e3o promissoras, j\u00e1 que o fundo do mar do Suriname \u00e9 geologicamente semelhante ao da Guiana, onde 16 campos de petr\u00f3leo j\u00e1 foram encontrados. Perfura\u00e7\u00f5es de teste tamb\u00e9m est\u00e3o ocorrendo em v\u00e1rios locais no Suriname.<\/p> \n \n
Outro aspecto positivo: o campo rec\u00e9m-descoberto \u00e9 composto por \u00f3leo relativamente leve. Este tipo \u00e9 mais f\u00e1cil \u2013 e mais barato \u2013 de extrair do que o petr\u00f3leo pesado e \u00e9 muito mais comercializ\u00e1vel globalmente. “O Suriname nunca mais ser\u00e1 o mesmo”, comemorou o diretor da Staatsolie, Rudolf Elias, ap\u00f3s a descoberta.<\/p> \n \n
Elias pode estar certo. Resta ao Suriname torcer para que a mudan\u00e7a seja positiva. O petr\u00f3leo pode tornar um pa\u00eds extremamente rico ou extremamente pobre. Os economistas costumam citar a Noruega como exemplo de pa\u00eds com pol\u00edticas petrol\u00edferas sensatas. O fundo soberano noruegu\u00eas, que investe receitas de petr\u00f3leo e g\u00e1s, det\u00e9m agora mais de 1.000 mil milh\u00f5es de euros, cerca de 188.000 euros por noruegu\u00eas.<\/p> \n \n
No outro extremo do espectro est\u00e1 a Venezuela, o pa\u00eds com as maiores reservas de petr\u00f3leo do mundo e que j\u00e1 foi o pa\u00eds mais rico da Am\u00e9rica do Sul. A Venezuela tornou-se totalmente dependente das receitas do petr\u00f3leo e, quando os pre\u00e7os do petr\u00f3leo despencaram em 2015, o pa\u00eds mergulhou em uma grave crise econ\u00f4mica com hiperinfla\u00e7\u00e3o e escassez extrema de alimentos e rem\u00e9dios.<\/p> \n\r\n
\nO que o Suriname pode ganhar?<\/h3> \n\r\n\r\n \n
A Staatsolie, que \u00e9 totalmente detida pelo Estado do Suriname, tem o direito de ter uma participa\u00e7\u00e3o de 20% na extra\u00e7\u00e3o de petr\u00f3leo do campo rec\u00e9m-descoberto. Depois, reclama um quinto das receitas, mas tamb\u00e9m tem de suportar um quinto dos investimentos.<\/p> \n\r\n\r\n \n
Al\u00e9m disso, o estado surinam\u00eas recebe royalties de 6,5% e, se a opera\u00e7\u00e3o for lucrativa, o Suriname tamb\u00e9m recebe 36% dos lucros.<\/p> \n\r\n\r\n \n
“Ainda precisamos determinar se h\u00e1 de fato \u00f3leo recuper\u00e1vel suficiente. Mas pode ser que algumas centenas de milh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares fluam para o Suriname em breve”, diz o economista Winston Ramautarsing. “Essa \u00e9 uma renda significativa para um pa\u00eds pequeno como o Suriname.”<\/p> \n<\/blockquote>\r\n \n
O caminho que o Suriname vai vai depende da for\u00e7a de suas institui\u00e7\u00f5es, diz Van Geuns. A boa not\u00edcia \u00e9 que, ao contr\u00e1rio da Guiana, o Suriname tem d\u00e9cadas de experi\u00eancia na extra\u00e7\u00e3o de petr\u00f3leo. “A Staatsolie \u00e9 uma empresa estatal que funciona bem no Suriname, com pessoal experiente.”<\/p> \n \n
O diretor da Staatsolie, Elias, pretende melhorar a disciplina financeira da estatal com um IPO parcial em Nova York ou Toronto. Se os investidores estrangeiros aderirem, isso fortalecer\u00e1 a supervis\u00e3o da empresa, espera Elias. Al\u00e9m disso, com um IPO, Staatsolie pode levantar fundos para investimentos na produ\u00e7\u00e3o de petr\u00f3leo, estimados em 800 milh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares. Governan\u00e7a inst\u00e1vel Menos esperan\u00e7osa \u00e9 a governan\u00e7a do Suriname, que se tornou mais corrupta nos \u00faltimos anos e contraiu d\u00edvidas significativas. Desde 2015, o Suriname caiu da 36\u00aa para a 73\u00aa posi\u00e7\u00e3o no \u00edndice global de corrup\u00e7\u00e3o da Transpar\u00eancia Internacional. Nos \u00faltimos anos, o governo do Suriname pegou tanto dinheiro emprestado que perde 38% de todas as receitas fiscais para pagar juros.<\/p> \n \n
Winston Ramautarsing, presidente da Associa\u00e7\u00e3o de Economistas do Suriname: “Com base na hist\u00f3ria recente, n\u00e3o acho que o governo esteja pronto para lidar com o dinheiro com sabedoria”.<\/p> \n \n
Li\u00e7\u00f5es do passado Curiosamente, a crise come\u00e7ou porque o Suriname se tornou muito dependente de outra commodity, o ouro, diz Ramautarsing. “Quando o pre\u00e7o do ouro subiu, h\u00e1 dez anos, o Estado come\u00e7ou a viver al\u00e9m de suas possibilidades. Esse dinheiro foi gasto em grande parte no consumo. Quando o pre\u00e7o do ouro caiu, surgiu um enorme d\u00e9ficit or\u00e7ament\u00e1rio.”<\/p> \n \n
Um vislumbre de esperan\u00e7a \u00e9 que o parlamento surinam\u00eas aprovou uma lei em 2017 para estabelecer um “Fundo de Poupan\u00e7a e Estabiliza\u00e7\u00e3o”. Ramautarsing enfatiza que levar\u00e1 de quatro a oito anos at\u00e9 que o primeiro \u00f3leo possa ser vendido.<\/p> \n \n
“Espero que os futuros l\u00edderes tenham aprendido com o passado”, diz ele. “Mas olhando para tr\u00e1s, honestamente tenho pouca confian\u00e7a nisso.”<\/p> \n","protected":false},"featured_media":23077,"template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"categories":[],"tags":[5707,7970,7971,7965,5698,7972,7967,7934,7966,7968,7969,5701,5694],"class_list":["post-28072","nieuwsbericht","type-nieuwsbericht","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-annand-jagesar-pt-br","tag-comercializacao","tag-descoberta-de-petroleo-pt-br","tag-exploracao-de-petroleo-pt-br","tag-exxonmobil-pt-br","tag-gestao-de-recursos","tag-gestao-financeira","tag-governo-suriname","tag-impacto-economico","tag-investimento-pt-br","tag-politica-de-conteudo-local","tag-staatsolie-maatschappij-suriname-nv-pt-br","tag-totalenergies-pt-br"],"yoast_head":"\n
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